Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) was one of the twentieth century's premier logicians. Born in Wales, he was a prominent pacifist and anti-imperialist, championing free trade between nations. He campaigned against Adolf Hitler, was in favor of nuclear disarmament, and criticized Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" is considered a paradigm of philosophy. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950.