The Methods of Ethics

Henry Sidgwick

2022년 5월 · DigiCat

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Henry Sidgwick's "The Methods of Ethics" (1874) is a seminal work in moral philosophy that rigorously examines the foundations of ethical theory. Employing a systematic and analytical literary style, Sidgwick engages with utilitarianism, hedonism, and egoism, presenting a critical exploration of their implications for moral reasoning. His methodical approach juxtaposes diverse ethical frameworks, culminating in a nuanced discussion of moral intuition and the 'dualism of practical reason.' This text serves as a cornerstone for subsequent debates in ethics, epitomizing the Victorian intellectual milieu that sought to reconcile traditional moral values with emerging scientific paradigms. A prominent philosopher and a member of the moral sciences faculty at Cambridge, Sidgwick's background in both classical literature and economics profoundly influenced his ethical inquiries. His commitment to rigorous philosophical investigation is evident in his efforts to bridge the gap between empirical analysis and ethical theory. Sidgwick was deeply concerned with the implications of ethical discourse in society, prompting him to explore the complex interplay between individual moral duties and collective welfare. "The Methods of Ethics" is an essential read for anyone interested in the evolution of ethical thought and its relevance to contemporary moral dilemmas. Sidgwick's meticulous articulation of ethical methods facilitates a deeper understanding of moral philosophy and its practical applications. This book is not merely theoretical; it challenges readers to contemplate their own moral beliefs and the underpinnings of ethical decision-making.

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Henry Sidgwick (1838–1900) was an eminent English philosopher and a key figure in the field of ethics during the late 19th century. His analytical prowess was matched by a deep concern for practical moral issues, making his work significant both in theoretical philosophy and the application of ethical principles. Sidgwick was a member of the intellectual society known as the Cambridge Apostles and a co-founder of Newnham College, Cambridge, one of the first English university colleges for women. His philosophical masterpiece, 'The Methods of Ethics' (1874), is a seminal work in which he examines various ethical systems and seeks to establish a coherent moral philosophy by the application of rational procedures. In it, Sidgwick explores the contradictions he perceives in deontological and utilitarian thought and attempts to reconcile them through the concept of 'rational egoism,' eventually leading the way to the principle of 'universalistic hedonism.' This work significantly influenced both contemporaries and subsequent generations of ethicists. Sidgwick's writing is characterized by its precise and methodical nature, forensically examining moral tenets with an almost scientific objectivity. Beyond ethics, Sidgwick also contributed writings in economics, political theory, and the philosophy of religion, but 'The Methods of Ethics' stands as his most notable and enduring contribution to philosophical literature.