The Gunny Sack

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Memory, Ji Bai would say, is this old sack here, this poor dear that nobody has any use for any more.

As the novel begins, Salim Juma, in exile from Tanzania, opens up a gunny sack bequeathed to him by a beloved great-aunt. Inside it he discovers the past тАФ his own familyтАЩs history and the story of the Asian experience in East Africa. Its relics and artefacts bring with them the lives of SalimтАЩs Indian great-grandfather, Dhanji Govindji, his extensive family, and all their loves and betrayals.

Dhanji Govindji arrives in Matamu тАФ from Zanzibar, Porbander, and ultimately Junapur тАФ and has a son with an African slave named Bibi Taratibu. Later, growing in prosperity, he marries Fatima, the woman who will bear his other children. But when his half-African son Husein disappears, Dhanji Govindji pays out his fortune in trying to find him again. As the tentacles of the First World War reach into Africa, with the local German colonists fighting British invaders, he spends more and more time searching. One morning he is suddenly murdered: he had spent not just his own money but embezzled that of others to finance the quest for his lost son.

тАЬWell, listen, son of Juma, you listen to me and I shall give you your father Juma and his father Husein and his fatherтАжтАЭ

Part II of the novel is named for Kulsum, who marries Juma, HuseinтАЩs son; she is the mother of the narrator, Salim. We learn of JumaтАЩs childhood as a second-class member of his stepmotherтАЩs family after his mother, Moti, dies. After his wedding to Kulsum there is a long wait in the unloving bosom of his stepfamily for their first child, Begum. It is the 1950s, and whispers are beginning of the Mau Mau rebellion.

Among the stories tumbling from the gunny sack comes the tailor Edward bin HadithтАЩs story of the naming of Dar es Salaam, the city Kulsum moves to with her children after her husbandтАЩs death. And gradually her son takes over the telling, recalling his own childhood. His life guides the narrative from here on. He remembers his motherтАЩs store and neighboursтАЩ intrigues, the beauty of his pristine English teacher at primary school, cricket matches, and attempts to commune with the ghost of his father. It is a vibrantly described, deeply felt childhood. The nation, meanwhile, is racked by political tensions on its road to independence, which comes about as Salim Juma reaches adolescence. With the surge in racial tension and nationalist rioting, several members of his close-knit community leave the country for England, America, and Canada.

I see this comedy now as an attempt to foil the workings of fate: how else to explain, what else to call, the irrevocable relentless chain of events that unfoldedтАж

The title of Part III, Amina, is the name of SalimтАЩs great unfulfilled love, and will also be the name of his daughter. He meets the first Amina while doing his National Service at Camp Uhuru, a place he feels he has been sent to in error. Amina is African, and their relationship inevitably causes his family anxiety, until the increasingly militant Amina leaves for New York. Salim becomes a teacher at his old school, and marries, but keeps a place for Amina in his heart. When she returns and is arrested by the more and more repressive government, Salim is hurriedly exiled abroad. He leaves his wife and daughter with the promise that he will send for them, knowing that he will not. The novel ends with Salim alone, the last memories coming out of the gunny sack, hoping that he will be his familyтАЩs last runaway.

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M.G. VASSANJI won the Giller Prize for┬аThe Book of Secrets┬аand┬аThe In-Between World of Vikram Lall, and the Governor General's Literary Award for Non-Fiction for┬аA Place Within: Rediscovering India. His novel┬аThe Assassin's Song┬аwas shortlisted for the Scotiabank Giller Prize and the Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction. Most recently, his novel┬аNostalgia┬аwas a finalist in Canada Reads 2017.

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