Egyptian Mythology and Religion: Gods, Legends, and Rituals

The origins of Egyptian mythology can be traced back to the early dynastic period, though many of its concepts likely predate written history. Ancient Egyptians believed that the universe emerged from a primordial chaos, giving rise to powerful deities who shaped the world. Myths were recorded on temple walls, tombs, and papyrus scrolls, serving both religious and educational purposes. These stories were not merely symbolic; they were deeply woven into daily life, influencing laws, traditions, and the duties of rulers.

The geography of Egypt played a crucial role in shaping its mythology. The Nile River, essential for agriculture and survival, became a central symbol of life and renewal, often associated with gods like Osiris and Hapi. The vast deserts surrounding Egypt were seen as chaotic and dangerous, embodying forces of disorder such as the god Set. The sun’s daily journey across the sky was one of the most significant celestial events, leading to the worship of Ra, the sun god, as a dominant figure in Egyptian religious thought.