Learning to Think Spatially

ยท ยท ยท ยท
ยท National Academies Press
แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜
332
แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜
แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ ย แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜

แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘

Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kรขโ‚ฌ"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kรขโ‚ฌ"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.

แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜.

แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—

แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ— Google Play Books แƒแƒžแƒ˜ Android แƒ“แƒ iPad/iPhone แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—, แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜.
แƒšแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
Google Play-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—.
แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ Kobo eReaders, แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”.