Letters to Australia, Volume 4: Essays from 1952–1953

These years, like the two preceding, saw incremental change. The Korean War ended, but only after long negotiations over the fate and rights of prisoners of war; the debates over the development of unified economic and political structures in Europe grew; and, with Stalin’s death and Beria’s fall, the Soviet Union began its slow evolution towards glasnost and perestroika and eventual dissolution, decades later. In the Pacific, Australia entered a multi-lateral, ANZUS, excluded the United Kingdom, consolidating the nation’s independence of Britain; Communist China pressed its claims to replace Taiwan on the Security Council; Queen Elizabeth II began her long reign; and adventurism by Egypt set the stage for the Suez crisis of 1956. In Asia, conflict in Vietnam grew, even as war ended in Korea. In Europe, West Germany grew in economic strength, its position between east and west still ambivalent; while the Soviet grip on eastern Europe grew in strength, intensifying their autocracies. The east-west balance of the great powers, and seemingly endless talks on nuclear disarmament, continued; but even in that atmosphere of stalemate, the emergence of NATO and of the Warsaw Pact as military alliances created some change – the growth of a sense that a balance of power between East and West could be sustained, could be lived with. Julius Stone had much to discuss.