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Excerpt: "When Schopenhauer was asked where he wished to be buried, he answered, "Anywhere; they will find me;" and the stone that marks his grave at Frankfort bears merely the inscription "Arthur Schopenhauer," without even the date of his birth or death. Schopenhauer, the pessimist, had a sufficiently optimistic conviction that his message to the world would ultimately be listened to—a conviction that never failed him during a lifetime of disappointments, of neglect in quarters where perhaps he would have most cherished appreciation; a conviction that only showed some signs of being justified a few years before his death. Schopenhauer was no opportunist; he was not even conciliatory; he never hesitated to declare his own faith in himself, in his principles, in his philosophy; he did not ask to be listened to as a matter of courtesy but as a right—a right for which he would struggle, for which he fought, and which has in the course of time, it may be admitted, been conceded to him."
作者简介
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher whose profound and often pessimistic worldview left an indelible mark on both philosophy and literature. Born in Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), Schopenhauer was a contemporary of Hegel, though he famously despised Hegel's idealism, leading to one of the most notable intellectual rivalries of the 19th century. Schopenhauer's philosophy centered on the concept of the "will to live," an irrational force driving human existence, which he believed was the root of all suffering.His magnum opus, "The World as Will and Representation," introduced revolutionary ideas about the nature of reality and human desire, influencing a wide array of thinkers, from Friedrich Nietzsche to Sigmund Freud. Schopenhauer's bleak outlook on life, coupled with his advocacy for asceticism and compassion, offered a stark contrast to the optimistic humanism of his time.Controversially, Schopenhauer held misogynistic views, which have sparked significant debate and criticism. Despite this, his work has been lauded for its literary quality and philosophical depth, resonating with existentialist and nihilist writers. His emphasis on art, particularly music, as a means of transcending the will, prefigured later aesthetic theories and inspired composers like Richard Wagner.Schopenhauer's influence extends beyond philosophy into literature, psychology, and even popular culture, making him a figure of enduring fascination. His introspective and often cynical perspective on human nature continues to captivate modern readers, offering a counterpoint to more optimistic philosophies and inviting reflection on the darker aspects of the human condition.
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