Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 5 of 7
Mar 2020 · Otbebookpublishing
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About this ebook
Excerpt: "The Marakkāyars are described, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as "a Tamil-speaking Musalman tribe of mixed Hindu and Musalman origin, the people of which are usually traders. They seem to be distinct from the Labbais (q.v.) in several respects, but the statistics of the two have apparently been confused, as the numbers of the Marakkāyars are smaller than they should be." Concerning the Marakkāyars of the South Arcot district, Mr. Francis writes as follows.1 "The Marakkāyars are largely big traders with other countries such as Ceylon and the Straits Settlements, and own most of the native coasting craft. They are particularly numerous in Porto Novo. The word Marakkāyar is usually derived from the Arabic markab, a boat. The story goes that, when the first immigrants of this class (who, like the Labbais, were driven from their own country by persecutions) landed on the Indian shore, they were naturally asked who they were, and whence they came. In answer they pointed to their boats, and pronounced the word markab, and they became in consequence known to the Hindus as Marakkāyars, or [2]the people of markab. The Musalmans of pure descent hold themselves to be socially superior to the Marakkāayars, and the Marakkāyars consider themselves better than the Labbais. There is, of course, no religious bar to intermarriages between these different sub-divisions, but such unions are rare, and are usually only brought about by the offer of strong financial inducements to the socially superior party. Generally speaking, the pure-bred Musalmans differ from those of mixed descent by dressing themselves and their women in the strict Musalman fashion, and by speaking Hindustāni at home among themselves."
About the author
Edgar Thurston (1855-1935) was a pioneering British ethnographer and superintendent of the Madras Government Museum in India. His work primarily focused on the diverse social structures and cultural practices of Southern India, making him a significant figure in the field of anthropology. Thurston's meticulous documentation and analysis of various communities provided an unprecedented glimpse into the intricate tapestry of Indian society during the British colonial period.Born in Kent, England, Thurston was educated at King's College London and later trained in medicine, which piqued his interest in human biology and ethnography. His career took a transformative turn when he was appointed to the Madras Museum in 1885, where he spent over two decades. His tenure was marked by extensive fieldwork, during which he employed both scientific rigor and a deep respect for the cultures he studied.Thurston's work was not without controversy. His ethnographic methods and the colonial context in which he operated have been critiqued for perpetuating stereotypes and reinforcing colonial power dynamics. However, his detailed observations have also been invaluable to later scholars and writers, offering a foundational understanding of South Indian ethnography.Influencing contemporary writers and anthropologists, Thurston championed the idea that understanding cultural diversity was crucial for a more comprehensive grasp of human civilization. His legacy is a complex blend of scientific achievement and the contentious ethics of colonial scholarship, making him a fascinating figure for modern readers interested in the intersections of history, culture, and science.
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