Biochemistry: For Medical Entrance Examinations

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY

General features of biochemistry

Studies

Bonds

pH and buffers

Energy

Pathyways in cytosol and mitochondria

CARBOHYDRATES

Epimers and enantiomers

Structure of carbohydrates

Glucose transporters

Cori cycle

Glucose

Glycolysis

Acetyl coA

Kreb’s cycle

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Electron transport chain

HMP shunt

Glucose phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Fructose metabolism

Lactose metabolism

General features of glycogen storage disorders

Von gierke’s disease

Disorders of galactose metabolism

Substrate level phosphorylation

LIPIDS

Fatty acids

Synthesis of fatty acids

Oxidation of fatty acids

General features of lipoprotein

Lipoprotein lipase

Chylomicron

LDL

VLDL

HDL

Apoprotein

Cholesterol

Hypercholesterolemia

Xanthoma

Abetalipoproteinemia

Bile acids

Ketone bodies

Starvation

AMINOACIDS

General features of aminoacids

Proline

Valine

Leucine

Arginine

Histidine

Glycine

Alanine

Phenylalanine

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Cysteine

Methionine

Homocysteine

Aspartate

Glutamate

Glutamine

Lysine

Glutathione

Creatinine

General features of disorders of aminoacid metabolism

Phenylketonuria

Maple syrup urine disease

Multiple carboxylase deficiency

Hartnup disease

Alkaptonuria

Ammonia

Urea

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Disorders of heme synthesis

Porphyrin and porphyria

PROTEINS AND ENZYMES

Structure of protein

Determination of protein structure

Glycoproteins

Proteoglycan

Types of protein

Estimation of proteins

Denaturation of proteins

Separation of proteins

General features of enzymes

Oxidase

Oxygenase

Dehydrogenase

Hydrolase

Transferase

Ligase

Lyase

Holoenzyme

Transamination

Serine protease

Enzyme inhibition

Enzyme regulation

Ribozymes

Isoenzymes

Components of enzymes

Coenzymes and cofactors for enzymes

INFORMATIONAL MACROMOLECULES

Purine metabolism

Pyrimidine metabolism

Structure of DNA

Histone

Mitochondrial DNA

Telomerase

Replication of DNA

Genetic code

Introns and exons

Mutation

Regulation of DNA

General features of transcription

RNA polymerase

Post transcriptional modification

Splicing

rRNA

mRNA

tRNA

microRNA

Ribosomes

Translation

Post translational modification

Protein folding

INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM

General features of inborn errors of metabolism

Tay sach’s disease

Gaucher’s disease

Niemann pick disease