Aphorisms

Arthur Schopenhauer

The Complete Works of Schopenhauer 16권 · Continental Press

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"Schopenhauer, the last German who comes into consideration (who is a European event equal to Goethe, equal to Hegel, equal to Heinrich Heine, and not merely a local, a "national" one), is as a psychologist of the first rank: namely, as a maliciously ingenious attempt, in favor of a nihilistic overall devaluation of life, precisely the counter-instances, the great self-affirmations of the the "will to life", the exuberance-forms of life into the field." Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols Schopenhauer's 1844 collection of aphorisms represents a crystalline distillation of philosophical insight, a literary form that perfectly captures the philosopher's razor-sharp intellect and sardonic worldview. Published during a period of intellectual maturity, this work stands as a testament to Schopenhauer's remarkable ability to compress complex philosophical observations into razor-sharp linguistic fragments that simultaneously illuminate and unsettle the reader. Unlike his more systematic philosophical treatises, the aphoristic form allows Schopenhauer to explore the contours of human experience with a combination of wit, cynicism, and profound psychological insight that defies traditional philosophical exposition. The collection emerges as a literary-philosophical hybrid that challenges conventional modes of philosophical discourse, presenting philosophical reflection as a form of literary art. Each aphorism functions as a miniature philosophical provocations, wielding language with surgical precision to dissect human nature, social conventions, and the fundamental ironies of existence. Schopenhauer's linguistic approach transforms philosophical reflection into a form of intellectual combat, where each carefully crafted sentence becomes a weapon against intellectual complacency, societal pretension, and philosophical orthodoxy. The work reveals the philosopher's extraordinary capacity to distill complex metaphysical and psychological observations into compact, often brutally incisive linguistic formations that challenge readers to reconsider their most fundamental assumptions about human experience. More than a mere collection of philosophical observations, the 1844 Aphorisms represent a profound meditation on the human condition that transcends traditional philosophical boundaries. The text operates as a kind of philosophical X-ray, penetrating the surface of human experience to reveal its underlying psychological and existential structures.

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Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) was a German philosopher whose pessimistic worldview and emphasis on the primacy of will over reason had a profound influence on later philosophical and literary thought. Born into a wealthy merchant family in Danzig, he developed his central philosophical system around the idea that reality has two aspects: the world as representation (our experience of the phenomenal world) and the world as will (the underlying, irrational force that drives all existence). In his magnum opus, The World as Will and Representation (1818), he argued that human life is essentially suffering, driven by an insatiable will-to-live that can never be permanently satisfied. Drawing heavily from Kant's transcendental idealism and Eastern philosophy, particularly Buddhism and Hinduism, Schopenhauer proposed that temporary escape from suffering could be achieved through aesthetic contemplation, and ultimately through the denial of the will to live. Though his ideas were initially overlooked during his lifetime, they later gained significant recognition, influencing major thinkers such as Nietzsche, Wagner and Freud, as well as writers including Tolstoy and Thomas Mann. This established Schopenhauer as one of the most important philosophers of the 19th century.