Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 10 - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Dr. Anne M. Sinatra is a Research Psychologist in the Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Environments (LITE) Lab within the U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center Simulation and Training Technology Center. The focus of her research is in cognitive psychology, human factors psychology, and adaptive team tutoring. She has specific interest in how information relating to the self and about those that one is familiar with can aid in memory, recall, and tutoring. Her dissertation research evaluated the impact of using degraded speech and a familiar story on attention/recall in a dichotic listening task. Her post-doctoral work examined the self-reference effect and personalization in the context of computer-based tutoring. Her work has been published in journals including the Computers in Human Behavior, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, and Interaction Studies. Her work has also been published in conference proceedings including the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society conference, and the Human Computer Interaction International conference. She additionally has served as an editor on five books (she was lead editor on three of them), and chaired three team tutoring workshops during the Artificial Intelligence in Education conferences in 2018, 2019, and 2021). Dr. Sinatra received her Ph.D. and M.A. in Applied Experimental and Human Factors Psychology, as well as her B.S. in Psychology from the University of Central Florida.

Dr. Arthur C. Graesser is an Emeritus professor in the Department of Psychology and the Institute of Intelligent Systems at the University of Memphis, as well as an Honorary Research Fellow at University of Oxford. His research interests question asking and answering, tutoring, text comprehension, inference generation, conversation, reading, problem solving, memory, emotions, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, and human-computer interaction. He served as editor of the journal Discourse Processes and Journal of Educational Psychology, as well as presidents of four societies, including Society for Text and Discourse, the International Society for Artificial Intelligence in Education, and the Federation of Associations in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences. He and his colleagues have developed and tested software in learning, language, and discourse technologies, including those that hold a conversation in natural language and interact with multimedia (such as AutoTutor) and those that analyze text on multiple levels of language and discourse (Coh-Metrix and Question Understanding Aid -- QUAID). He has served on four panels with the National Academy of Sciences and four OECD expert panels on problem solving, namely PIAAC 2011 Problem Solving in Technology Rich Environments, PISA 2012 Complex Problem Solving, PISA 2015 Collaborative Problem Solving (chair), and PIAAC Complex Problem Solving 2021. 

Dr. Xiangen Hu is a professor in the Department of Psychology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department at The University of Memphis (UofM) and senior researcher at the Institute for Intelligent Systems (IIS) at the UofM and is professor and Dean of the School of Psychology at Central China Normal University (CCNU). Dr. Hu received his MS in applied mathematics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MA in social sciences and Ph.D. in Cognitive Sciences from the University of California, Irvine. Dr. Hu is the Director of Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Partnership Laboratory at the UofM, and is a senior researcher in the Chinese Ministry of Education’s Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior. Dr. Hu's primary research areas include Mathematical Psychology, Research Design and Statistics, and Cognitive Psychology. More specific research interests include General Processing Tree (GPT) models, categorical data analysis, knowledge representation, computerized tutoring, and advanced distributed learning. 

Dr. Gregory Goodwin is a Team Leader and senior research scientist at the Combat Capabilities Development Command – Soldier Center in Orlando, FL. Prior to that, he worked in academia. After working in academia, Dr. Goodwin has spent the last fifteen years working for the Army researching ways to improve training methods and technologies. He holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from Binghamton University and an M.A. in Psychology from Wake Forest University. 

Dr. Vasile Rus is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at The University of Memphis with a joint appointment in the Institute for Intelligent Systems. Dr. Rus is also a Systems Testing Research Fellow of the Fedex Institute of Technology, a honor received for his pioneering work in the area of software systems testing. His research interests lie at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational linguistics with an emphasis on developing interactive intelligent systems based on strong theoretical findings in order to solve critical challenges that would change the educational and human computer interaction landscape. Dr. Rus has been involved in research and development projects in the areas of computational linguistics and information retrieval for more than 15 years and in open-ended student answer assessment and intelligent tutoring systems for more than 10 years. He has been involved in the development of the following intelligent tutoring systems: DeepTutor (PI), Writing Pal (co-PI), MetaTutor (co-PI), and AutoMentor (co-PI). Dr. Rus has served in various roles on research projects funded by National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, and Department of Education, and private companies; has won the first two Question Answering competition organized by the National Institute for Science and Technology (NIST); recently his team won the English Semantic Similarity challenge organized by the leading forum on semantic evaluations – SemEval; has received 4 Best Paper Awards; produced more than 100 peer-reviewed publications; and currently serves as an Associate Editor of the International Journal on Tools with Artificial Intelligence and Program Committee member of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2015). Dr. Rus is member of the PI Millionaire club at The University of Memphis for his successful efforts to attract multi-million funds from federal agencies as Principal Investigator (PI).