Foundations of Literary Criticism explores the essential concepts, questions, and methods that have shaped the study of literature for centuries. Before diving into specific schools of thought or contemporary debates, it is crucial to understand what literary criticism is, why it matters, and how it functions. This foundational section introduces readers to the purposes of criticism, key analytical vocabulary, and the evolving relationship between theory and practice. By grounding readers in the core tools and traditions of interpretation, this chapter lays the intellectual groundwork for more advanced inquiry into the diverse and dynamic field of literary studies.