Vijayanagara Empire: Hampi's Glorious Past and the Last Hindu Kingdom

The Vijayanagara Empire emerged as one of the most significant and powerful dynasties in Indian history, rising at a time when the Indian subcontinent was fragmented and facing threats from expanding Islamic sultanates. Its foundation in the 14th century was a turning point that not only established a strong Hindu kingdom in southern India but also laid the groundwork for a cultural and economic renaissance.

The origins of Vijayanagara trace back to the political instability of the Deccan region. The Delhi Sultanate had extended its influence into the south, leading to the weakening of older Hindu kingdoms such as the Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Pandyas. Amid this turmoil, two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, originally serving under the Kakatiya rulers, rose to prominence. After being captured and later released by the Delhi Sultanate, they sought guidance from the sage Vidyaranya, who inspired them to establish a strong Hindu kingdom to resist further invasions. In 1336, they founded the city of Vijayanagara on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, marking the birth of the empire.

From its inception, the Vijayanagara Empire was strategically positioned to thrive. The Tungabhadra River provided a natural defensive barrier, while the rocky terrain of Hampi served as a formidable protection against enemy invasions. The early rulers focused on consolidating power, expanding their territories, and strengthening their military capabilities. Under Harihara I, the empire extended its control over parts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, securing key trade routes and fortifying its defenses.