Aztec Empire: The Warriors of Tenochtitlan and the Fall to Conquistadors

The origins of the Aztec Empire trace back to the Mexica people, a nomadic group that migrated from the north into the Valley of Mexico during the 13th century. According to legend, their patron god, Huitzilopochtli, guided them to an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco, where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus, devouring a serpent. This vision fulfilled their prophecy and led them to establish Tenochtitlan in 1325, a city that would grow into the heart of one of the most powerful civilizations in Mesoamerica.

At first, the Mexica were a relatively small and struggling group, living under the dominance of more established city-states in the region. However, through strategic alliances and military prowess, they gradually gained influence. One of their most significant moves was forming the Triple Alliance in 1428 with the cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan. This alliance allowed them to expand their territory, subjugating neighboring cities and demanding tribute, which fueled their empire’s wealth and strength.

Tenochtitlan itself became a marvel of engineering and organization. Built on an island, the city featured a vast network of canals, causeways, and aqueducts that supported a thriving population. The chinampa agricultural system—artificial islands used for farming—ensured a steady food supply, while trade networks connected the Aztecs to distant regions, bringing in luxury goods such as jade, cacao, and exotic feathers. The city’s towering temples, bustling marketplaces, and well-planned streets reflected the empire’s prosperity and the sophisticated nature of Aztec society.